![]() Five, in an era of global citizenship, more comprehensive educational efforts on tsunami hazard mitigation are necessary worldwide. The take-home message is that we still have a lot to learn about what the real hazard of tsunamis are, he said. Four, the development of better coupling between deforming seafloor motions and model initialization needs further refinement. Sometimes known as the Christmas or Boxing Day tsunami, the DecemIndian Ocean Tsunami is far from a distant memory, a decade after resulting in more than 200,000 casualities. Three, the mapping of vulnerable continental margins to identify unrecognized hazards must proceed expeditiously, along with palaeotsunami research to establish repeat intervals. ![]() Two, a methodology is needed to better quantify short-duration impact forces on structures. One, validated inundation models need to be further developed through benchmark testing and instrumental tsunameter measurements and standards for operational codes need to be established. Remaining aspects for future research are identified. The state-of-knowledge before the 26 December 2004 tsunami is described. ApThe Boxing Day tsunami of 2004 is the deadliest and most destructive tsunami in recorded history, claiming the lives of over 230,000 people in 14 different countries and damaging over 14 billion US dollars worth of property. ![]() Here, the progress towards developing tsunami inundation modelling tools for use in inundation forecasting is discussed historically from the perspective of hydrodynamics. Tsunami science has evolved differently from research on other extreme natural hazards, primarily because of the unavailability until recently of instrumental recordings of tsunamis in the open ocean. 17 hours ago &0183 &32 Once the tsunami passes through the English Channel and into the Thames Estuary, it will grow in size and cause all sorts of destruction in the city. ![]()
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